Federal Regulations And Federal Agencies Example

Government Regulations And Federal Agencies Example Government Regulations And Federal Agencies †Coursework Example Government guidelines and administrative organizations (Program) (Supervisor) November 4, Federal guidelines and bureaucratic offices Off-mark drugs will be drugs that are endorsed and are utilized for purposes that are not quite the same as named applications or for suggested gatherings of patients. Despite the fact that such applications are lawful, the Food and Drug Administration just as government care plans debilitate them. This conversation contends that it ought to be illicit for a pharmaceutical organization to advance off-marked medications on account of government strategies against it and in view of its potential harm.Off named medications might be useful to patients whenever recommended for the patients’ wellbeing and in a logical based manner that limits potential mischief to the patients. Likelihood of mischief is nonetheless, more noteworthy if such marks are not founded on logical proof and such ignorant applications ought to be illegalized. A large portion of off-marked medication use is anyway not upheld by logical proof (Dresser and Frader, 2009) and the ignorant methodology, particularly when such use opens patients to unfavorable medication reactions, requires legitimate control. As per Ahuja, and as for kids alone, off mark medications could prompt â€Å"jaundice,† â€Å"seizures and cardiovascular arrests,† â€Å"withdrawal symptoms,† and â€Å"staining teeth† (2005, p. 98). Such impacts propose that the legislature ought to be powerful in its job of guaranteeing general wellbeing by illegalizing off-named drugs, particularly solutions whose security have not been demonstrated by logical proof. The way that the Food and Drug Administration and government’s Medicare and Medicaid plan dishearten utilization of off mark drugs is likewise a marker of the applications danger to great wellbeing and warrants illegalization (Ausness, 2008). Off-mark medications ought to accordingly be illegalized and pha rmaceutical organizations ought not advance it in view of their conceivable unfavorable impacts, broad ignorant solutions, and presence of strategies against remedy and utilization of off named drugs. ReferencesAhuja, G. (2005). Medication injury: Liability, examination, and counteraction. Tucson, AZ: Lawyers and Judges Publishing Company. Ausness, R. (2008). â€Å"There’s threat here, Cherie!†: Liability for advancing and advertising of medications and clinical gadgets for off-name use. College of Kentucky College of Law. Recovered from: http://uknowledge.uky.edu/law_facpub/46/. Dresser, R. and Frader, J. (2009). Off-named endorsing: A call for elevated proficient and government oversight. The Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 37(3): 476-486.

Taybeh Brewing Company

†¢Joint adventure with Jordan †¢Sales advancement, for example, T-shirts, pens, tops †¢Beer celebration †¢Sponsor a nearby group †¢Organize camps for individuals. TBC can make a joint endeavor with an organization in Jordan, as that would cut down the import charge extensively. Along these lines it can enter the Jordan advertise with lower costs and higher benefits. To improve the deals inside Palestine, it can advertise its item by conveying deals advancement things, for example, bottle openers, shirts, tops, pens thus. This showcasing aptitude would not cost a ton to the organization however is compelling. The lager celebration â€Å" oktoberfest† is praised in Palestine by TBC. This ought to be proceeded for a great deal of years ahead and all the nearby individuals and vacationers ought to be sans given brew. Along these lines it will end up being a custom in hardly any years and TBC will have an enduring impression in everyone’s mind TBC can likewise be the patron for a neighborhood sports group. Concerning me in UK all I think about Aon is just through MANU. Many individuals get pulled in towards games and subsequently this should help the organization positively in the event that they have their name up on one of the neighborhood groups. Palestine is a creating nation and parcel of mobs have been occurring in the nation from not many years. In the event that the camps are composed for the destitute individuals where fundamental prerequisites, for example, food and safe house are given then it would help assemble advertising.

Research Paper on Heart Disease - Have You Determined What You Want to Say?

Research Paper on Heart Disease - Have You Determined What You Want to Say?This is an excellent idea for the best research paper on heart disease. But then again, it is not necessary for you to do all of this. Remember, if you write your research paper on heart disease, you will have a lot of work ahead of you.You must first write your research paper on heart disease. Now, then, here are some of the things that you should keep in mind in writing your research paper on heart disease.Research papers on heart disease that get published in major journals are more likely to be accepted than research papers that get published in lower level journals. The reason for this is that the main journals are obviously more prestigious and important.But another important fact about the higher ranks of journals is that there are more editors and reviewers who look for scientific excellence and integrity. These reviewers and editors are mostly retired doctors, or qualified scientists with extensive me dical backgrounds.The number of important reviewers and editors who check out research papers for the scientific journal you are writing for will only increase as time goes by. By the time the research paper reaches the final stage of peer review, you may find yourself in a somewhat awkward position. Not only do you need to answer questions regarding the research paper, but you also need to answer queries from reviewers and editors regarding its validity.In any case, you will only be required to answer such queries to the point of answering the reader's desire or sentiment. The main purpose of your research paper on heart disease is to get published.However, the process of getting published in a particular journal is definitely not an easy one. And there are many people who try to manipulate the scientific journals in order to get published in a less prestigious journal.

Case 9 Enron - 928 Words

Case 9: Enron; Questionable Accounting Leads to Collapse Bruce Smith Minnesota School of Business BS430 Business Ethics MR. Morris November 25, 2012 1. 2. 1. How did the corporate culture of Enron contribute to its bankruptcy? Effective leaders are good at getting followers to their common goals or objectives in the most effective and efficient way; unfortunately for Enron, in the end Ken Lay and Jeffery skilling were too focused on profits that nothing else mattered. In the beginnings of the company Ken and Jeff were very efficient in growing their company from a small oil and gas pipeline firm into one of the largest entities in its industry. As the company grew and so too did the demands of upper management.†¦show more content†¦The party with the highest level of contribution to the demise of Enron would have to be their external and internal auditing firm Arthur Anderson. The primary responsibility of any auditing firm is to ensure the accuracy and validity of a company’s financial statements. Investors and stakeholders both internally and externally use this certified information to make critical business decisions. Arthur Anderson willfully partook in the scandals and subsequently w ent from the largest accounting firm in the world to dissolution in a matter of three years. The unfortunate common denominator for all of these external companies is the level of influence Enron had on their profit margins. Enron was almost 10% of Vinson amp; Elkins annual revenue; Enron held similar if not greater margins with many of the other companies that helped with all of the unethical decisions (Baird, Jackson, amp; Herndon, 2013). The threat of loosing the profits associated with Enron’s business clouded the ethical judgment of everyone that did business with them. 3. What role did the company’s chief financial officer play in creating the problems that led to Enron’s financial problems? From what I understand Andrew Fastow was hired for the sole purpose of developing an elaborate network of special purpose entities to cover up over $1 billionShow MoreRelatedEnron and Worldcom Case Study1225 Words   |  5 PagesEnron and WorldCom Case Study This report is based on the demise of Enron Corporation and WorldCom. Both the firms are demised due to the ethical lapses. These ethical lapses come into existence when managements of the firm, uses unethical practices to accomplish the goals of the firm. Maintaining financial and accounting standards in the business practices are necessary. The profession of accounting has become a mockery due to the accounting scandals that took place all over the world in theRead MoreThe Rise and Fall of Enron1532 Words   |  6 PagesMost of the world has heard of Enron, the American, mega-energy company that â€Å"cooked their books† ( ) and cost their investors billions of dollars in lost earnings and retirement funds. While much of the controversy surrounding the Enron scandal focused on the losses of investors, unethical practices of executives and questionable accounting tactics, there were many others within close proximity to the turmoil. It begs the question- who was really at fault and what has been done to prevent it fromRead MoreEssay on CaseAssignment21409 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Case Assignment: Enron Case 9 Yesenia Garcia BUSI 472- B07 LUO Introduction In 1985 Ken Lay took over a couple of big name gas pipeline companies that came together and thus the infamous Enron Corporation began. They offered a variety of services that were not limited to natural gas but also included electricity, communications, and many energy related services. Together, CEO Jeffrey Skilling, Chairman Ken Lay, and CFO Andrew Fastow were able to bring transformationRead MoreJaclyn Givens. Kathy Osburn. Management 101. 5/8/17. The1400 Words   |  6 PagesJaclyn Givens Kathy Osburn Management 101 5/8/17 The Enron Era â€Å"Just as character matters in people, it matters in organizations,† says Justin Schultz, a corporate psychologist in Denver. The Enron scandal had a big exposure in 2001 confirming the big secret to the increase in billions. In July 1985, Enron formed the merger of Houston Natural Gas and Omaha-based Inter North. The Enron corporation was an American energy company based in Houston Texas. The corporation’s catastrophe in 2001 signifiesRead MoreEssay enrons case956 Words   |  4 Pages(316) Lecturer: Mr. Montaser Tawalbeh Case Study Enron: Were They the Crookedest Guys in the Room? Case Summary Enron has become the classic case on business ethics. Enron formed after the merger of Internorth Incorporated and Houston Natural Gas in 1985. On January 1, 1987, as part of the merger agreement, Ken Lay became the new CEO. In 1990, Ken Lay hired Jeffrey Skilling from McKinsey and Company as the Head of Enron Finance. By 1995, Enron had become the largest independent naturalRead MoreManagement and Organizational Structure1043 Words   |  5 Pagescould explain the Enron’s failure. Looking at the organizational structure and management of Enron, The structures were flat before the bureaucratic structure developed, then the bureaucratic structures developed in order to increase control. There were vertical structures where there was high level of control and according to theories the organizational circle is moving back to flat structure. In Enron Corporation, internally it had such a highly decentralized financial control and decision makingRead MoreEnron And The Enron Scanda l1588 Words   |  7 PagesEnron was a corporation located in Houston, Texas and in just fifteen years the US energy trading and utilities company grew to become one of America’s largest and more successful cooperation’s. Enron suffered a major fall. After being one of the most successful corporations Enron became the biggest company to file bankruptcy in history. In this research paper it will discuss about the history of Enron, the fraud committed and who is to blame. The historical development of white collar crime in theRead MoreEnron And The Enron Scandal847 Words   |  4 PagesThe Enron scandal, discovered in October 2001, eventually led to the bankruptcy of the Enron Corporation, an American energy company based mostly in Houston, Texas, and also the dissolution of Arthur Andersen, that was one amongst the 5 largest audit and accounting partnerships within the world. Additionally, to being the most important bankruptcy reorganization in American history at th at point, Enron without doubt is the biggest audit failure. it s ever the foremost notable company within theRead MoreTaking a Look at the Enron Scandal1270 Words   |  5 Pagesreal cash flow had not come to the company yet. Moreover, cause when Enron come to the long term contract, they would assumed that there were long term declines in spot prices (Page 6, journal of economics), there would be the risk of loss if there were the increase in the price of gas in the future and it does not recognize in the financial statement; therefore, to make the income statement made more sense in economics term, Enron had created an accounting structure that help the company to stableRead MoreThe Rise and Fall of Enron1170 Words   |  5 PagesThe Enron Corporation was founded in 1985 by Kenneth Lay and based in Houston, Texas. Enron was known as one of the world’s leading electricity, natural gas, communications and pulp and paper companies. By the late 1990s Enron was considered one of the country’s most groundbreaking companies constructing power plants, gas lines, buying and selling electricity and gas, and partaking in a unique trading business; creating whole new markets for oddball commodities . In 1995 annual revenues were around

Containment Strategies During The Cold War - 1084 Words

Paul Gornati Tibbles / Schreiber English 6,7 / American Cultures 10 27 February 2017 Containment Strategies in the Cold War During the Cold War, communism was spreading. The three presidents Truman, Eisenhower, and Kennedy needed a way to stop it from spreading. All Three turned to the idea of containment. Ayers, et al. defines containment as a Policy by George F. Kennan, that started in the late 1940’s and was created to stop the spread of communism by providing economic aid, and military aid to countries opposing the Soviets. All three cold war presidents had similarities and differences in the way they dealt with stopping the spread of communism. All of them used the idea of containment, but Truman focused more on economic aid,†¦show more content†¦In 1949 the US and six other counties joined the original five countries to form the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, otherwise known as NATO. â€Å"According to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, an armed attack against one of the member nations would be considered an attack against all. NATO is how Truman used Military Use. Those policies, plans, and organizations all played a part in how Truman helped contain communism. But Eisenhower did things a little differently. The Next President to deal with the spread of Communism was Dwight D. Eisenhower, the thirty-fourth president of the US. In the Eisenhower Doctrine Eisenhower takes about an action that he proposes. â€Å"It would, first of all, authorize the United States to cooperate with and assist any nation or group of nations in the general area of the Middle East in the development of economic strength dedicated to the maintenance of national independence.† (Eisenhower) That is reasoning of economic aid to other countries. In the Eisenhower doctrine he also states that this action would allow the executive to undertake in the same region programs of military aid, and cooperation with any nation which needs the military aid. After Eisenhower became president in 1953, he began to think of a theory called the domino theory. This was the idea that if a country fell toShow MoreRelatedThe Soviet Union And The Cold War1038 Words   |  5 PagesAfter a series of events during the time of World War II, tensions between the United States and the Communists such as the Soviet Union and China, developed into a military and political conflict such as the Cold War. During the Cold War, which went on for 50 years, the Soviet Union and the United States competed to expand their economical and political influence. Although, the United States military has increased in size and it’s strategy. The United States power today is highly supreme when itRead MoreThe World Of A Totalitarian Communist Post War World1352 Words   |  6 PagesWWII Europe was a dystopian world razed by the chaos of the war. In the aftermath, the only two countries in the world left standing that were still considered superpowers were Soviet Russia and the United States. Tension between the two countries was thick. The US saw Russia as the main obstacle in the way of a democratic capitalistic post war world, and Russia saw the US as the main obstacle in the way of a totalitarian communist post war world. The only similarity between the views of the two countriesRead MoreThe Cold War Era During World War II1349 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War Era that followed the end of World War II was unlike any Americans had seen before. After defeating Germany and its allies in the war, the United States faced a change on the home front: young Americans rushed into marriage and parenthood in unprecedented numbers. In Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era, Elaine Tyler May describes these changes from the end of the war through the early 1960s. The author makes a compelling range of arguments about the changes that affectedRead MoreThe War And The Spanish Civil War987 Words   |  4 PagesBoth conflicts show that civil war was not the limit of the atrocities people were willing to commit in order to stop the influence of opposing ideologies. In both the Cold War and the Spanish Civil War the most significant air operations were carried in order to stop the spread of C ommunism. One of the factors that prompted the U.S. into dropping the atomic bombs in Nagasaki and Hiroshima was to stop the war in Japan as soon as possible. Many of Truman’s advisers, such as James F. Byrnes supportedRead MoreArchitect of Trumans Containment Policy: George Kennan1222 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿George Kennan was the chief architect of the containment strategy in the administration of Harry Truman, particularly as the head of the Policy Planning Staff of the State Department in 1946-49, and his policies remained in place until the end of the Cold War in 1991. Indeed, they remained in place long after he thought their usefulness had expired, since he thought that after the death of Stalin and the stalemate in Korea the Soviets were eager for dÃÆ' ©tente with the West which would enable themRead MoreThe Cold War Between The United States And The Soviet Union1268 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War grew out of post-World War II tensions between the United Sta tes and the Soviet Union. Although the war did not bring about large scale fighting, there remained a constant threat of a catastrophic nuclear war. During the war, the US sought to strictly limit the spread of communism through containment, an idea formulated by US diplomat George Kennan, which became the basis of Harry Truman’s foreign policy. The containment policy was a response to a series of moves by the Soviet UnionRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union980 Words   |  4 Pageswith Adolf Hitler’s declaring war on the United States, propelled America into World War II from 1939-1945. After War World II, the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as world powers, and the competition for the restructuring of Europe and the world was on. In the race for economic expansion, Americans loyalty and patriotism was tested influencing an urge to conform. 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Some of these decisions may have given the U.S. economic advantages or helped spread democracy to the world. However, they were only the byproducts of a pragmatic strategy that aimed at giving the U.S. a larger sphere of influence in geopolitics over the Soviet Union. It is seen in the example of the Vietnam War that the U.S. favored a pragmaticRead MoreThe Soviet Revolution Of Ussr872 Words   |  4 Pagesisolationism right out the door; but it does not stop there. The US is also determined to stop the spread of communism, and starting in 1993 the war on terrorism. And as soon as WWII ends the Cold War starts with the USSR. 2. One of the most important presidents during the Cold War was Harry S. Truman. He set forth the notion of containment. Containment is where the US tried to contain communism in every country they could. A great fear was that of the domino effect, the belief that if one country

Endless Summer Nights Essay Example For Students

Endless Summer Nights Essay I saw him again. A couple of houses down from our own little bungalow, a family of four was also spending the summer on the island of St. Croix. I yelled at my 12-year old brother to hurry up and slung my backpack over my left shoulder. Ive noticed a guy around my age down the street. I didnt know his name but I heard Dave, my step-dad refer to his family as the Williams Family. I watched as Jerry came running out of our beige summerhouse and leaping down the few concrete steps. What took you so long? I couldnt find my trunks, he replied. We will write a custom essay on Endless Summer Nights specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Geez, you couldve worn something else. Give it a rest, DeLanna. Well, hurry up. I wanna get there before it gets too crowded, I snapped at my brother. I quickly walked ahead of him while he slipped his runners on his bare feet. It was only nine in the morning yet the sun was already beating down on my bare arms. I scolded myself for not lathering sunscreen on before heading out to the beach as Jerry and I trudged along the narrow path towards the shore. I wish I hadnt brought such a heavy load of books. The sun was really taking a toll on me. I looked over my shoulder and gave my brother a sign to indicate that we were almost there. With a newfound energy, Jerry ran all the way there while I rummaged my backpack for the beach towel I brought along. I spread it out on the warm sand and took out the book I had been reading yesterday. I flopped down on my stomach and made myself comfortable, using my backpack as a pillow. While I searched for the page number I was on, my brother was already making a big noise, hollering for me to join him in the water. I ignored him and started reading. After about half an hour, I was so deeply absorbed in my book that I didnt notice the red Frisbee that landed at my side. A deep, friendly voice brought me out of my trance and startled me so much that I gave a small shriek and dropped my book. Hey, sorry about that, the voice apologized. It was then that I looked up and found myself staring, open-mouthed, at the guy I had seen several times before. He smiled and said, My names Josh. Ive seen you around. A little voice inside my head was telling me to say something back. Following its advice, I racked my brain for something to say. Instead a weird grunting sound made its way from my throat and escaped my lips. The smile left Joshs tanned face. Are you okay? Concern filled his voice. My throat released another grunt, before I could stop it. I felt my ears burning and the flush creeping up my neck. Josh! Were leaving! I heard a mans voice shout. Josh turned back to me and I  struggled to say something more than the sound of a pig letting out air. So Ill be seeing you around? Josh asked with a smile. Against my will, I grunted again. This time I grunted so loudly that a couple of people nearby turned and looked at me. I wished more than anything in the world that I could just sink down into the sand. Josh gave me a puzzled look, then turned and ran to catch up to his dad. When I was sure that he was out of sight, I let out a low moan and buried my face in my backpack. Who was that? Jerry questioned a couple minutes later. Who was who? I asked casually, although my voice was etched with nervousness. The guy who threw that Frisbee and talked to you, he replied as he bit into an apple. .ube6ed22a42b6b2002281140c6fee18b6 , .ube6ed22a42b6b2002281140c6fee18b6 .postImageUrl , .ube6ed22a42b6b2002281140c6fee18b6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ube6ed22a42b6b2002281140c6fee18b6 , .ube6ed22a42b6b2002281140c6fee18b6:hover , .ube6ed22a42b6b2002281140c6fee18b6:visited , .ube6ed22a42b6b2002281140c6fee18b6:active { border:0!important; } .ube6ed22a42b6b2002281140c6fee18b6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ube6ed22a42b6b2002281140c6fee18b6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ube6ed22a42b6b2002281140c6fee18b6:active , .ube6ed22a42b6b2002281140c6fee18b6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ube6ed22a42b6b2002281140c6fee18b6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ube6ed22a42b6b2002281140c6fee18b6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ube6ed22a42b6b2002281140c6fee18b6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ube6ed22a42b6b2002281140c6fee18b6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ube6ed22a42b6b2002281140c6fee18b6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ube6ed22a42b6b2002281140c6fee18b6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ube6ed22a42b6b2002281140c6fee18b6 .ube6ed22a42b6b2002281140c6fee18b6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ube6ed22a42b6b2002281140c6fee18b6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Some Poets Attitudes To Love EssayOh. Uh, I dont know. Some guy. I was grateful when he dismissed the subject and asked for a sandwich. In my backpack. Front pocket. Get me one too. After our lunch, we packed up and headed home. I spent the whole walk pondering about what a fool I had made out of myself in front of Josh. What happened? I kept asking myself over and over again. I spent the rest of the day thinking about that morning. I couldnt even focus on finishing my book. Finally, I fell into a fitful sleep. My dreams were full of red Frisbees, grunts and Josh. I woke up with the sunlight streaming through my open window. I yawned and lazily made my way to the smell of pancakes and bacon. My mother was in the kitchen cooking up a storm. I said good morning, and went back to my room. I was deciding on whether to wear my halter-top with a pair of cut-offs or a cargo skirt, when I heard a knock on my door. Come in. I knew it was one of my parents, because Jerry never bothered to knock. He would just barge in like he owned the place. It was Dave. Hey, what are your plans for the day? Nothing much. Good, he said, grinning. I wanted to take you and Jerry in town today. I saw something there yesterday that you might like. Sure. Is mom coming? No, shes trying to catch up to a deadline. Shes gonna be on her computer the whole day. My mom is a fashion magazine editor. Ive always thought that her job was fun except that it required a lot of her time. Dave and I agreed on leaving right after breakfast and I settled on the white jean cut-offs with my blue halter-top. I hurried to the bathroom and quickly took a shower, where I didnt get myself any cleaner, but I got myself wet. The stores in town were small and cramped closely beside each other. I glanced at Dave and tried to read his expression. During the whole drive,  stared at me so deeply the whole time that I couldnt meet his gaze. I was more comfortable when we got back to chatting. When I told him I had to go, he offered to walk me home, throwing in an offer to carry my guitar for me. I just smiled and started walking, hoping he would get the idea that I accepted. My thin, spaghetti-strapped, lavender dress wrapped around my body as a gust of warm wind blew my shoulder-length, strawberry blonde hair back. Josh fell in step beside me, and I couldnt help but notice his lean, muscular body. Standing beside him, I could look him straight in the eye. When we reached my house, we stood awkwardly for a minute or two, shyly looking at each other. I had a great time, DeLanna, he finally said. Me too, I replied with a smile. Um, so you wanna get together again tomorrow? Sure, I said, suddenly feeling nervous. He put his hand on my cheek then, said goodnight, and was gone before I could reply. He left me still standing in front of my house, my hand on my cheek, the spot tingling at his first touch. I stood there for what seemed like an eternity, watching him walk down the street until he was out of sight. The night went by in a blur and so did the rest of the summer.  Endless Summer Nights

Visual Arts Essay Thesis Example For Students

Visual Arts Essay Thesis The Renaissance in Europe, the humanist aesthetic and the high technical standards of Greek art continued to inspire many generations of European artists. Looking further into the 19th century, the Classical traditions derived from the Classical and Hellenic Greek periods have continued to dominate the art of the western world. The Classical period saw changes in the style and functions of sculpture. The poses become more naturalistic and the technical skill of these Greek sculptors increased. They were able to depict the human tort in a variety of poses which were elite like and real. From about 500 BC, the statues began to depict real people. E. G. The statues of Harmonious and Resignation displayed in Athens to mark the overthrow tooth tyranny were said to be the first public monuments to actual people. The difficultly in creating an aesthetically real person and technical challenge stimulated much in the way of sculptural innovation during the Classical and Hellenic Greek periods of history. Unfortunately, for us today, these works survive only in fragments, The Most famous examples surviving today are The Parthenon Marbles, half of which are in the British Museum in England. We will write a custom essay on Visual Arts Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In the Classical period there were many different sculptors who produced many lives like realistic works. Some of these artists or artisans include: Aphids which oversaw the design and building Of the Parthenon. Parallaxes, another great Classical sculptor made the female nude respectable for the first time. This was in the later part of the Classical period in the rindthe century BC. But the greatest works Of the Classical period are considered to be the statue of Zeus at Olympia and the statue of Athena at the Parthenon. The whole point of the Renaissance is that Europeans particularly he Italians to begin with. Ere looking to the Classical and Hellenic Greek teachings and giving rebirth to their explorations. Renaissance artisans were looking back to a time of great knowledge, innovation and development, They reinvestigation the human form and true human proportion. Michelangelo produced a mm tall David from a solid block of white marble. His work based on the biblical David from the Goliath story is truly amazing because of its considerable consideration of the audience perspective, its accurate proportion trot this vantage point and the elite like stance. David was actually based on the Classical sculptures that depicted the Greek Adonis or beautiful male athlete of the original Olympic Games. The transition from the Classical to the Hellenic periods occurred during the 4th century BC. R-allowing the conquests of Alexander the Great, Here Greek art became more diverse and influenced by other cultures of people who were drawn into the Greek orbit. And in the view of some art historians, it also declined in quality and originality. Many of the sculptures previously considered as Classical masterpieces turned out to be f the later Hellenic age. The technical ability of the Hellenic sculptor was clearly in evidence in such major works as the Invented victory Of Commemorate and the Bergamot Altar. During this period, sculpture became more and more naturalistic. Common people, women, children, animals and domestic scenes became acceptable subjects for sculpture, which was commissioned by wealthy families for the adornment of their homes and gardens. These sculptors no longer felt obliged to depict people as ideals of beauty or physical perfection. Hellenic sculpture was also marked by an increase in scale, which culminated in the Colossus of Rhodes which was made during the late 3rd Century BC. People of the Renaissance were exploratory and innovative. To explore and invent the Renaissance people looked back to the knowledge, ideas and skills tot the Classical Greeks and Hellenic periods. Tot course, the Renaissance developed into its own style because it was an interpretation of classical learning more than anything. Renaissance artists, writers and learners looked back to the Greeks for inform-nation and inspiration. .udeeef62e4e9b611562a17746b932dc93 , .udeeef62e4e9b611562a17746b932dc93 .postImageUrl , .udeeef62e4e9b611562a17746b932dc93 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udeeef62e4e9b611562a17746b932dc93 , .udeeef62e4e9b611562a17746b932dc93:hover , .udeeef62e4e9b611562a17746b932dc93:visited , .udeeef62e4e9b611562a17746b932dc93:active { border:0!important; } .udeeef62e4e9b611562a17746b932dc93 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udeeef62e4e9b611562a17746b932dc93 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udeeef62e4e9b611562a17746b932dc93:active , .udeeef62e4e9b611562a17746b932dc93:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udeeef62e4e9b611562a17746b932dc93 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udeeef62e4e9b611562a17746b932dc93 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udeeef62e4e9b611562a17746b932dc93 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udeeef62e4e9b611562a17746b932dc93 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udeeef62e4e9b611562a17746b932dc93:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udeeef62e4e9b611562a17746b932dc93 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udeeef62e4e9b611562a17746b932dc93 .udeeef62e4e9b611562a17746b932dc93-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udeeef62e4e9b611562a17746b932dc93:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mercutio's 'Queen Mab' Speech EssayMany artworks of the time feature Creek deities and so on, even though people stopped believing in the long before. An example of this could be Botulisms Venues Here although to us the scene is mythical Venus is again perfectly proportioned like Michelangelo David. Venus also has the same contrasts stance Vichy was originally developed during the Classical Greek period. This method of posing the subject gave the subject life because it illustrated a three dimensional idea which meant the subject looked like they veer alive and moving through real space. As has been illustrated Renaissance artists were definitely influenced by that Which had gone before. They used the Golden Mean rules for human proportion, they used imagery from Greek legends and they revisited the contrasts stance to give their subjects life. It is impossible for any artist of any period not to be influenced by that which has gone before because society is always looking back to improve the future. An artists practice cannot avoid being influenced by that which has gone before. Rather than a period with definitive beginnings and endings and insistent content in between, the Renaissance can be seen as a movement of practices and ideas to which specific groups and identifiable persons variously responded in different times and places. They are influenced genuinely by the classical and Hellenic part of Greek art. Shown through the artist of the renaissance, example Michelangelo which produced a mm David. This would be in this network tot diverse, sometimes converging, sometimes conflicting cultures that the Renaissance changed our imagination and our view of how we see our world for all time.

Chemical Engineer Salary and Experience

Chemical Engineer Salary and Experience Chemical engineering is one of the highest paying degrees for entry level jobs, with even higher payscales for experienced chemical engineers. Chemical engineers tend to be in high demand and are much more employable than chemists. Heres a look at typical salary ranges for chemical engineers. Chemical Engineer Salary Survey Based on Experience Chemical engineers can earn good salaries straight out of school, but years of experience or higher education can double the salary rate. Chemical Engineer 1 Year Experience: $51,710 - $66,286 Chemical Engineer with 1-4 Years Experience: $56,206 - $70,414 Chemical Engineer with 5-9 Years Experience: $64,618 - $84,199 Chemical Engineer with 10-19 Years Experience: $74,546 - $101,299 Chemical Engineer with More than 20 Years Experience: $83,304 - $126,418 Salary survey based on experience is from PayScale.com. According to the US Department of Labor (2008), the median salary for chemical engineering was $78,860. The middle 50% of chemical engineers had salaries between $67,420 and $105,000. The UKs Institution of Chemical Engineers (2006) reported the average starting salary for chemical engineering graduates was  £24,000, with an average salary for all chemical engineers of about  £53,000.

Accounting Analysis of the 2011 Annual Report for Bank of Queensland Limited Essay Example for Free (#2011)

Accounting Analysis of the 2011 Annual Report for Bank of Queensland Limited Essay ? The aim of this report is to provide an accounting analysis of the 2011 annual report for Bank of Queensland Limited (BOQ), and a critique of the reporting of their performance. The report discusses the choice of accounting policies and the flexibility of these policies. The main objective of this report is to evaluate and recognise the possibility of using creative accounting within the company, recognise and questionable accounting numbers within items listed previously. A number of items have been selected from Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Statement. Bank of Queensland Limited (BOQ), has history of 137 years with network of over 280 branches operating in Queensland. It offers core banking (commercial/retail), equipment finance, wealth management and insuranceservices. BOQ is listed on the ASX and uses its unique concept of the Owner-Managed Branch (OMB),a partnership between the Bank of Queensland (franchisor) and experienced bank managers (franchisees) to provide banking services. 3. Description of key accounting policies and standards 3.1 Loans and advances at amortised cost (Asset) As shown on BOQ’s Balance sheet in FY11, loans and advances at amortised cost are big-ticket itemsin its assets accounting for approximately 98 per cent. According to the significant accounting policies explored by BOQ annual report 2011, loans and advances are originated by the bank and are recognised upon cash being advanced to the borrower. Based on AASB13, loans and advances are initially recognised at fair value plus incremental direct transaction cost using the effective interest method. 3.2 Deposits and borrowing (Liability) Deposits, as the one of the most important cash inflows of the bank, follow ruleAASB13 as well. They are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs and thenby using the effective interest method, they are measured at amortised cost. It is classified in two concentrations: retail deposits and wholesale deposits. This item follows AASB119Employee Benefits which has been amended in its accounting rules affecting the measurement of its obligations and the timing of recognition of termination benefits. Employee benefits can be classified to four categories: wages, salaries and annual leave; long service leave; superannuation plan and share based payments. 4. Flexibility of Management in Selecting the Key Accounting Policies It is undeniable that having flexiblemanagement can exert positive effects on the presentation of company’s annual financial report. Specifically, from the Bank of Queensland ´s perspective, if mangers have considerable adaptability in selecting the key accounting policies, the financial performance of Bank of Queensland Ltd can be improved; therefore more investors and customers would give priority to cooperating with them in the future. 4.1 Loan and Advances at Amortized Cost 4.1.1 Flexibility Analysis The measurement of loans and advances at amortized cost is extremelyfavourable to commercial banks. From BOQ’s consolidated financial annual report, the loan and advances at amortized cost accounted for around 83.3% of total assets in 2011, it had increased from 31,736,5 million to 33,276,1 million during 2010 to 2011. This change in $1539, 6 million was caused by impairment charges made by managers of the bank. The increase of loans and advances at amortized cost could enhance the customers trust in the bank. Sincefinancial funds, credit business and debts are the core business transaction of the banking industry, this itemappears to increase receivable accounts. Also, as banks could charge a reasonable rate of interest on such future loans/advances, they are able utilizethis income to pay current liabilities, wage and salaries of employees, and also the tax liability of business. Consequently, the BOQ’s managers have selected a flexible accounting policy in this item. Being dominant in the assets, loans and advances at amortized cost carries the burden of generating cash. The way that Bank of Queensland recognizes loans and advances at amortized cost can be separated to two phases. Initially, loans are recognized at fair value plus incremental direct transaction costs. Secondly, BOQ uses effective interest method to measure the amortized cost at each reporting date. The advantage of this accounting policy is that including direct transaction cost in the loan price can offset the actual transaction cost occurred and maximize the profit for the bank. Additionally, the effective interest method is considered as one of the prior methods for amortizing a bond discount. Theoretically, investors require a discount on bonds because the market interest rate at the time of issue is higher than the coupon payments on the bond. Therefore, by amortizing the discount at the market interest rate, accounting statement of Bank of Queensland will exactly reveal the economic reality of the bond issue and its true cost of debt. 4.2.1 Flexibility Analysis Due to the characteristics of banking industry, there is a high flexibility for management in these two liabilities. It is noticeable that deposits and borrowing accounted for about 97% of total liabilities on the balance sheet. Occupying 69% of total deposits, managers pay more attention to Retail Banking Services because of itsattractiveness to customers compared to other types of deposits. This policy states that securitization set-up costs relating to on-balance sheet assets are included with securitization borrowings, and amortization is recorded as interest expense. Initially, excluding off-balance sheet costs makes the liability much smaller and enlarges their net assets. Likewise, interest on debt is a tax-deductible expense and creates a tax shield benefiting Bank of Queensland. The major function for this policy is to save cash flows for BOQ. 4.3.1 Flexibility Analysis Employee expenses mainly consist of share based payments and employee benefits. All of these kinds of financial activities are beneficialto BOQ.The result from increasing incentives to employees applies as it encourages them to performenthusiasticallywhicheventuallyleads to higher profits for the firm. Among Employee Benefits, shared based payments are distinguished. The accounting policy demonstrates that Bank of Queensland allows employees to acquire its shares, options and rights sold recognized in the Employee Benefits Reserve. This expense could be reversed if the loss is not due to a market condition. This is highly beneficial as it encourages employees to purchase shares of their own company but, on the other hand, as more shares are sold, the higher price rises in the stock exchange. 5. Quality of Disclosure Made in BOQ Accounts The quality of disclosure in the BOQ ´s policies, strategy, performance and financial statements and reports is satisfactory as it provides accessible, transparent and fairly justified information. As the BOQ is a listed company, it has to comply with all ASX disclosure policies and reporting but in addition it also complies with the ASX Corporate Governance Recommendations as well as the Australian Prudential Standards (APS) (Profit Announcement 2011). In the profit announcement report for 2011, BOQ discloses a number of disclosure principles which include management, board structure, ethical and responsible decision making, financial reporting, timely and balanced disclosure, respect rights of shareholders, recognize and manage risk, remuneration. 5.1 Business Strategy and Economic Consequences The business strategy and economic consequences are disclosed in the notes to the annual report in terms of the risk management of the company. As it explains in these notes the bank approach is to manage its risk in terms of credit risk, market risk, liquidity, operational risk, compliance policies and capital management. As it states in the annual report there is a high level of assessment and monitoring of these risks in order to follow the company ´s strategy. 5.2 Notes to the Financial Statements – Explanation of Policies The notes to the financial statements and reports do provide an explanation to the bank ´s management policies. According to the 2011 Annual Report these policies provide effectiveness and efficiency in terms of managing the risks described above as well as creating controls to support growth and competitive advantage. An example of these policies in 2011 was a strong expense management which lead them to reduce their cost-to-income ratio from 45.8% to 44.5%. Moreover, these policies provide regulatory compliance as well as performance management. 5.3 Explanation of Current Performance BOQ through its yearly Profit Announcement Report clearly explains its current performance in terms of its principal activities. It states its current level of profitability and the main reasons for any losses. As well as these profit or losses explanations the report shows explanations for changes in expenses, asset growth, retail deposit growth, branch network expansion and capital management. In terms of financial conventions that restrict the firm as a banking institution, the main one is the Basel II Accord in which the bank is obligated to maintain capital adequacy requirements. In the 2011 Annual report is mentioned that Tier 1 capital made up of equity capital and disclosed reserves was higher than required by Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA). Moreover, AASB 124 Related Party Disclosures is additionally disclosed in order to understand the impact on the firm. Moreover it discloses all its consolidated statements for all subsidiaries of the group following all consolidation standards. The quality of the segment disclosure for BOQ is sufficient as it discloses its two operating segments, and since the bank operates only in Queensland, it does not need geographical segmentation. It discloses the high level metrics for both of the banking and insurance segments as well as consolidated totals (Annual Report 2011 pg. 89). Also, following consolidation requirements it eliminates inter-company transactions (Annual Report 2011 pg. 89). The most important and questionable numbers can be seen in the yearly Profit Announcement where BOQ announced a net loss after tax of 90.6 million AUD. The explanation for this loss was attributed to significant impairment charges. As the income analysis shows that the company made a reasonable operating income loss, but the large part of the loss was due to a revision of their commercial loans and provisioning approach. They decided to increase these specific commercial loan provisions more than close to 90 million due to the continuous decline in commercial property in Queensland. Along with loan impairments, the bank also impaired a substantial amount of assets, also because of the decline if commercial property. Furthermore in the Directors Report in 2011 there were some potential red flags regarding remuneration. As the bank went through a restructure last year there were a number of high level managerial positions that changed in this period. During this transition there were a number of payments classified as  ´others` that did not have a clear explanation. An example of this includes a payment of half a million dollars to the previous CEO to  ´ensure a smooth transition` between him and the newly appointed CEO. While taking into account the Director ´s report is audited by KPMG, this payment seemed excessive. Based on previous parts, the conclusion has arrived that BOQ suffered net loss of $90.6 million because of the tremendous growth in impairment loss. The footnote disclosures in the Profit Announcement provide the composition of the impairment loss. According to note 11, loan impairment expenses totalled $327.7 million. $165.7 million of this amount is specific provision impairment and the rest $162 million relates to collective provision. Moreover, impairment loss for assets also amounts to $578.7 million. Note 4suggests that BOQ ´s management increase its impairment loss based on their estimates of dropping commercial property market. However, this estimate comes from historical experience and professional judgment. In contrast, the estimate might be different from actual results. Therefore, distortions may arise resulting from overstated impairment loss. In order to undo the distortion, the impairment loss should have been adjusted to a lower level with fewer provisions. Even before the Profit Announcement of BOQ came out, many financial reporters foresaw the net loss of BOQ resulting from increasing impairment loss. The downturns in tourism and recent natural disasters impacted Queensland’s economy negatively, and the conditions in Queensland were expected to remain challenging in the future because of strong Australian dollar. As a result, for BOQ— a company that is highly exposed to Queensland housing market, the current poor performance of might not change in short term.Following by the poor performance, BOQ isnow struggling to keep regulators happy and keep its capital at acceptable level. On 26 March 2012, BOQ announced aequity rising of $450 million. However, by doing this, the existing shareholders of BOQ will be heavily diluted and it will cause its share price to drop significantly. Accounting Analysis of the 2011 Annual Report for Bank of Queensland Limited. (2017, Feb 07).

HR practices Business Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HR practices Business - Article Example According to the author evaluating the human resources practices of a firm can help you find way to better employ the talent a firm has (Durkin, 2011). A technique or tool that was mentioned in the article that can help managers evaluate their human resources practice is HR audits. The use of an HR audit can give a manager assurance that the human resources practices of the company meet the current legal standards and uphold the internal policies of the company. It can be beneficial for professionals in the HR industry to belong to professional organizations. An organization that has a lot credibility and power in the industry is the Society for Human Resource Management. The organization’s website has a HR audit tool kit that can be used to perform a preliminary audit of the HR function of a firm. The HR function of a company does not replace the necessity for a legal department. Companies can save money on legal expenses by having a lawyer firm on retainer rather than pay a fixed monthly payment to the lawyers of a department. The implementation of an HR audit can help the firm identify potential legal risks associated with its handling of human resources. The strategy is a proactive approach towards risk management. A problem that is occurring often in corporate America is a lack of knowledge about HR regulations and laws. A lot of companies in the United States are breaking labor laws unknowingly. The fact that many companies do not know the laws does not exempt them from compliance. â€Å"One fundamental human resource function you should inspect is the gathering and filing of employee information, from the application to the termination of employment, and all documentation in between† (Durkin, 2011). A common problem in regards to this type of documentation is proper safeguarding of the information. It all starts with the simple things such as having an employee filing cabinet with a key. The human resource department should separate the per sonal information of employees in various categories. There is sensitive information such as social security number, age, medical record or disability data that should not be in the normal employee file that the managers have access too. Access to such data can lead potential discrimination from the managers towards a specific employee. Companies also have to comply with the Family Leave Act. Employee record retention requirements vary by state law with some common federal laws. Confidential information must be protected to protect both the employer and the employees. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 stipulates companies must keep payroll records up to three years. A topic in human resource that was often discussed in class that I believe should have been talk about more in the article is training and development. The author mentioned that it was important for companies to invest in its human resources, but he did not provide solutions to solve the problem. The performance of employees in a corporation can be improved through training and development. The proper use of training and development can improve the employee retention rate of the company. Investing in training and development should be a company wide initiative, but the firm must also identify talent that deserves advance training because the company determined that the employee has potential. The managers of corporations should receive more training than any other employee since they are responsible for the performance of

Standard Deviation and Outliers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Standard Deviation and Outliers - Assignment Example Thus, it can be seen that a single point that is far away from all the points increases the standard deviation by a big amount that is from 1.58 to 6.68. Therefore, there is a great impact of the new point on the standard deviation. b) Create a data set with 8 points in it that has a mean of approximately 10 and a standard deviation of approximately 1. Use the 2nd chart to create a second data set with 8 points that has a mean of approximately 10 and a standard deviation of approximately 4. What did you do differently to create the data set with the larger standard deviation? (4 points) Notice that the standard deviation is 0. Explain why the standard deviation for this one is zero. Do not show the calculation. Explain in words why the standard deviation is zero when all of the points are the same. If you don’t know why, try doing the calculation by hand to see what is happening. If that does not make it clear, try doing a little research on standard deviation and see what it is measuring and then look again at the data set for this question. The standard deviation is zero when all of the points are the same. This is because standard deviation measures the individual data point deviation (variation) from the mean value. The standard deviation is a single number that helps us understand how individual values in a data set vary from the mean. When all the points are same, then the mean value will be also the same point and hence deviation of all the data points from the mean value will be zero. Since, the deviation of all the data points from the mean value is zero in this case; therefore, the standard deviation is zero when all of the points are the same. When all the value are the same then mean value, will be also the same and hence the value of for individual data point will be zero, and the sum will be also zero. Therefore, the standard deviation is zero when all of the points are the same. 3. Go back to

Hospice in the United States Essay -- Hospice Terminal Illnesses Cance

Hospice in the United States Hospice is a concept of caring borrowed from medieval times, where travelers, pilgrims and the sick, wounded or dying could find rest and comfort. The contemporary hospice offers a program of care to patients and families facing a life threatening illness encompassing medical, nursing, spiritual, and psychological care. It is more than a medical alternative, it is an attitude toward death and the process of dying. Terminal disease is managed so patients can live comfortably until they die. The hospice program in the United States has evolved in part as an attempt to compensate for the inadequacies of the present medical system, particularly in caring for patients with a terminal illness. Hospice care has grown from an alternative health care movement to an established component of the American health care system. The modern hospice movement began in 1967 when Cicely Saunders opened St. Christopher's Hospice in London England. In the late 1960’s, several Yale University student s invited Dr. Saunders to come speak at Yale. These students were inspired to create a similar service in the United States. They opened the Connecticut Hospice in Branford, Connecticut and pioneered the hospice movement in the United States. This became the nation’s first specially designed hospice care center. What is Hospice care? In an attempt to answer, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a statement in 1990 about the philosophy and techniques of hospice care. A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hospice affirms life and regards dying as a normal process. B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hospice neither hastens nor postpones death. C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hospice provides relief from pain and other distressing symptoms associated with dying. D.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hospice combines aspects of psychosocial and spiritual care. E  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hospice offers a support system to help patients live as actively as possible until death. F.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hospice offers a support system to help the family cope during the patient’s illness and during the bereavement process. We can see that the hospice concept is a bio-psychosocial approach to the dying process, concerned with biological, psychological, and social health. Because of its proponents, Hospice is considered a more humane and sensible approach to terminal illness, combining care, comfort, and support of family and friends as the individual faces death. Their concern for dignity and fo... ...age dementia: A national survey of hospice programs. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 43(1), 56-59 Mesler, M. A., & Miller, P. J. (2000). Hospice and assisted suicide: The structure and process of an inherent dilemma Death Studies, 24(2), 135-155 Newsome, B. R., & Dickinson, G. E. (2000). Death experiences and hospice: Perceptions of college students. Death Studies, 24(4), 335-341 O’Connor, P. (1999). Hospice vs. palliative care. Hospice Journal, 14(3/4), 123-137 Paradis, L. F. (1984). Hospice program integration: An issue for policymakers. Death Education, 8(5-6), 383-398 Russell, G. M. (1985) Hospice programs and the hospice movement: An investigation based on general systems theory Dissertation Abstracts International, 45(9), 3082 Simson, S., & Wilson, L. B. (1986) Strategies for success: An examination of the organizational development of early hospice programs. Hospice Journal, 2(2), 19-39 World Health Organization. (1990). Hospice Facts [On-line] Available HTTP://www.cp-tel.net/pamnorth/facts.htm Zehnder, P. W., & Royse, D. (1999) Attitudes toward assisted suicide: A survey of hospice volunteers. Hospice Journal, 14(2), 49-63.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Green Power

Cleaner electricity generation is on its way for full implementation as many of power consumers are now aware how could avail of it. In the official blog site of the US Environmental Protection Agency, many of its visitors had said in their comments that they had already installed or purchased from a private electric company a way how could they use green power.Some had also leaved a link to the sites of their energy provider that gives them an option for cleaner energy generation. But others still had said that they could not choose to opt to green power because of area and cost constraints.People who had said that they had installed solar panels and/or avail power generated through wind or geothermal admits that they pay more for their electricity consumption as compared when they were not using it. Since conversion into cleaner energy consumption would cost more to the people, they might rather ignore their wish to take part with a cleaner environment. Some even says that going in to cleaner energy generation is just propaganda of electric companies that would mean more profit on their part.Some still had said that they had no choice whether to use green power or not because it’s their individual power provider could only decide. As I had completed browsing all of the comments, I suggest that yes there is a need for a greener electricity generation but the problem is that people where afraid of their initial additional cost. Yes, it cost more than the regular energy we consume from burnt coal but like what one comment had said, people are not aware of the hidden cost the people might suffer if we continue using it because experts says that burning coal adds up to the air pollution.As we enter into the era of information age, ideas are now easy to disseminate through all of the high tech devices and technology the modern day gives such as the computers and the internet. But we should be careful of what would we should acquire of these ideas since some o f them cannot be fully relied on. Support of experts in such field such as EPA could give as a somewhat assurance that what we learn is what we should. References Greenversation, Question of the Week: Why are you or aren’t you buying green power? Retrieved May31, 2008 from http://blog. epa. gov/blog/2008/05/27/qotwgreenpower/

Systems Thinking - Theory Practice - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2166 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Education Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Systemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Thinking Theory Practice Table of Contents Question 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.3 Spray diagramà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦3 Closed loop control model diagramà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.4 1. Learning disabilitiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.5 2. How a split between espoused theory and theory in use can affect organizational learningà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..7 3. Five disciplines discussed by Taggart for overcoming the learning disabilitiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦8 4. Principles of Systems thinking, its role and effectiveness in Problem Solving and Decision Makingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..9 Referencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦10 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Systems Thinking Theory Practice" essay for you Create order Question 1 (A) Spray Diagram Fig1: Spray Diagram of learning organizations. According to Jim Taggart, this spray diagram has been drawn which explains main system which is the learning organization. Two of their subsystem is also explained which the learning disabilities that hinder in organizational are learning. These disabilities are individual goal and personal position/status, blaming others for the consequences of the decisions, focus on the dramatic events rather on the subtle events which need more focus, resistance to change and lack of communication system. These disabilities are the ones causing problems in organizational learning. These learning disabilities can seriously affect organizational learning and can create gap between employees and management which can be detrimental for organizations. Management should focus on decreasing or overcoming these disabilities which can increase organizational learning and performance of organizations. Second learning subsystem is the learning discipli nes which are used to overcome these disabilities. These disciplines are personal mastery, shared vision, team learning, mental models and systems approach. These disciplines can increase organizational learning and can also improve performance of the organizations. These disciplines when implemented can increase Mutual Corporation among staff and can create better organizational culture. (B) Closed loop control model diagram Team Learning Learning Disability Personal Mastery Shared Vision Systems Approach Mental Models Creating a learning Organization Employees/Management Fig2b:Closed loop control model diagram. Control loop model diagram is about the input/output, transformation and controls of the system. These controls are sensor, actuator and comparator. The purpose of this diagram is to understand organizational learning in more depth by understanding the input and output of the system through transformational processes. Here the inputs are the learning disciplines such as personal mastery, team learning, mental models, systems thinking and shared vision. Sensor of the system is the organizational culture that can be affected through transformational process. Actuator is about the learning disabilities .Input of the system is controlled by comparators. Here feedback is considered important through which input are sent by comparator to actuator. Through this diagram it can be understood that how learning organizations work through input and output process. (C) 1. Learning Disabilities According to Senge (1990), seven learning disabilities have been identified in learning organization system. These disabilities can affect behavior of employees and can influence culture of the organizations. First disability is known as I am my position which is about the natural behavior of people about their status and position. Most of the people regard their status and position as the only source of power to take decisions about the organization. Employees only work their part and accept responsibilities associated with it and they donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t accept responsibilities of the organization. They only consider their position for their responsibility and pay less attention to collective and team work. Second disability is known as The Enemy is Out There which is about the blame game of the people. This learning disability seriously affects organizational learning and is associated with nature of people. People blame others when something went wrong and do not consider themselves as the responsible one. This disability greatly hinders in organizational learning and team work is seriously affected. Third learning disability is the The Illusion of Taking Charge which is about the pro-activation of the organizations. To achieve a certain goal, organizations should be proactive to solve the problems that are happening in the organizations. People should have ability to analyze the problem in pro-active way rather than letting things go wrong and increasing problems. Most of the organizations are not pro-active in nature and requires strong work relationships among employees to contribute in organizational learning. Fourth learning disability is about the The Fixation on Events which is about the environment of organization. There are two types of business events such as daily activities and long term business. Most of the organizations focus on the daily business activities and do not work on the long term business planning. This is the reason that there are problems seen in organizations. Strong planning of long term business can help in establishing successful culture inside organizations. Therefore organizations should avoid short term plans and focus on long term business plans. Fifth learning disability is the The Boiled Frog which is the limitation of thinking. In this type of situation, we do not plan for the subtle events rather keep working on the dramatic events which look more appealing to us. In organizations, it should be consider that non dramatic events are more important and need immediate attention. Therefore, organizations should react to events which are more important rather than the dramatic ones. Next learning disability is the The Delusion of Learning from Experience which affects structure of the organizations and is one of the elements hindering in the learning organization. Communication problems are seen as information doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t flow from one department to other and this lack of communication can influence the decisions. This also affects organizations as people are not able to learn from experience of others. Last learning disability is the The Myth of the Management Team which causes problems in culture of the organizations. Here the management team is stressing on the employees using their power and position which causes problems in behavior and performance of the employees. In this type of situation, manager is forcing their employees to follow their decision without considering the consequences. This increase problem in oganiztional culture and also hinders organizational learning. 2. How a split between espoused theory and theory in use can affect organizational learning Mental models are set of opinions, perceptions and views about certain things or situation. These mental models are important as these can influence interaction among people and work relationships among employees of the organizations. These mental models are actually assumptions which affect our activities and thus can be detrimental if not implemented correctly. According to Jim Taggart, split between espoused theory and the theory in use can cause problems in organization culture and the work relationships among employees. Espoused theory is about what we say (our words) and theory in use is about what we perceive and mental models. If what we say and what we do are different then this can increase problems of the organizations and can be detrimental for the organization. Most of the organizations implement mental models with self sealing impact which can cause problems in relationships and decisions are made according to a single perspective about the situation or thing. Manager if develop a single perspective about their employee then there can be disturbance seen in behavior of the employee. Organizations should develop mental models with self fulfilling impact which can increase performance of the management as well as employees. This type of the mental models work on the basis of multiple perspectives rather on the basis of single perspective about something. Thus, these types of mental models can increase performance of the organization and can improve organizational culture where people are working together and learning from experiences of others. System approach is considered as important approach while analyzing problem situation of organizations. This can help in developing mental models which are consistent in espoused as well as theory in use. This increases organizational learning and people are more connected to each other. Managers should have understanding of the system thinking so that they can analyze already available mental models and can develop a consistent mental model having espoused as well as theory in use. 3. Five disciplines discussed by Taggart for overcoming the learning disabilities Jim Taggart has explained five learning disciplines which are used to overcome learning disabilities. These disciplines are systems thinking, shared vision, team learning, mental models and personal mastery. Systems thinking Systemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ thinking is an approach to analyze complex problems in more depth. This approach can give important information on the causes of the problems. Systems thinking approach examines interacting components of the system and their interaction with each other. It can also be said that system is studied as a whole rather than studying interacting components of the system individually. Managers can use this approach for the understanding of organizational problems and complex situations. Through this approach they can idea of the underlying reasons which are affecting organizational structure or culture. There are two types of feedback seen in systems thinking which are reinforcing and balancing. Balancing is about the resistant to change in workplace and reinforcing increases perceptions on the basis of expectations. Thus, management should use systems thinking to tackle problems in organizations. Shared vision Having a shared vision in organization can greatly improve its productivity and growth. Manager should stress on the development and implementation of the shared vision instead of individual vision. They should consider individual visions and then transform it into shared vision of the team where goals and objectives are same for all the members. This increases unity among the employees and management which can improve culture of the organizations. Team learning This discipline is considered as important in organizational learning. This is about learning from others experiences. Although growth and development of individuals is necessary but organization should focus on the learning strategies that are based on team development. Managers should develop strategies which can create opportunities for employees to work together and deal complex situations as a team. So that individuals can learn from experience, knowledge and skills of others and can also improve their performance and experiences. Working as team also improves communication among the employees. Feedback from teams should be given so that it can help others to learn more effectively which can improve learning organization. Mental Models Mental models are about the preconceived assumption of certain situation. In other words, mental models are set of perceptions, opinions and views about something or someone. If there is split between espoused and theory in use than problems are seen in work relationship among employees. Managers should develop mental models based on self fulfillment which are about the multiple perspective rather than single perspective about some situation. This mental model can help managers to improve interactions and social behavior of the subordinates. Personal mastery Personal mastery is about learning and improving development of individuals. People who are willing to learn to develop and improve their performance are important for the success of the organizations. Personal mastery can help individuals to promote themselves through their work and can increase organizational culture. Managers should be encouraging their subordinates to improve themselves and increase work relationships among them. 4. Principles of Systems thinking, its role and effectiveness in Problem Solving and Decision Making Unlike the traditional breakdown approach, systemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ thinking is more effective as this helps in solving complex problems by identification of interacting components. In this approach system is analyzed as whole rather than studying individual components. Special attention is given to interrelations among the components. Thus analysis of complex problem through systems thinking approach is through the identification of interaction between components which can help in decision making and solving problems. Systems thinking approach also improves management of the organizations which can increase organizational growth. Through this approach behavior of the employee can be understood in better way and company goals can be achieved smoothly (Jim Taggart, pp.3). This approach can also help in developing mental models with self fulfillment impact rather than self sealing impact. Self fulfilling mental models are based on multiple perspectives of something and thus are impo rtant to improve organization. Using this approach, managers can understand behavior of their employee in more effective way. Communication and interaction between subordinates and management is also improved using mental models with self fulfillment impact. Systems thinking approach can help in making effective decision as this helps in identification of causes of problems by studying system as a whole. Organizations which utilize this approach can tackle with problem situations in more effective way. Therefore manager should use this approach to face and solve problem situation. They should develop plans to increase communication, improve organizational culture and encourage employees to work for the growth of organizations. Systems thinking approach also help in improving work relationships among management and their subordinate as multiple perspectives are being taken into account. Thus, systems approach help in improving management and their capability of decision making. References: Infed, 2014. Peter Senge and the learning organization. [online] Infed 2014. Available from: https://infed.org/mobi/peter-senge-and-the-learning-organization/. [Accessed 21 March 2014]. Peter Senge, 1990. The Fifth Discipline: The Art Practice of the Learning Organization. New York: Currency Doubleday. Solonline, 2014. Organizational Learning: The Five Disciplines for Building the Learning Organizations. [online] Available from: https://www.solonline.org/?page=Abt_OrgLearning/. [Accessed 21 March 2014] Jim Taggart. The Five Learning Discipline: From Individual to Organizational Learning , pp.1-8. 1